Journal of International Proceedings on Mechanics and Electromagnetic

Modulation of Schamel's nonlinear Schrödinger equation and related sheath excitations in degenerate relativistic quantum complex plasmas

2025-02-07T14:32:25+07:00

Degenerate relativistic quantum plasmas are intricate systems in which high-density electrons demonstrate relativistic and quantum mechanical properties. These conditions result in non-linear phenomena, such as soliton production, which are essential for energy transfer and stability analysis. The Schamel nonlinear Schrödinger equation offers a framework for examining wave dynamics in these conditions, integrating fractional non-linearities that elucidate modulation instability and envelope solitons. This study examines the impact of critical physical parameters, including the relativistic degeneracy ratio, ion trapping, and density ratio, on soliton dynamics. The results indicate that the relativistic degeneracy ratio strongly influences wave frequency, group velocity, and energy transport efficiency, particularly in ultra-relativistic plasmas. The research emphasises the mitigating effects of heightened electron degeneracy pressure, which stabilises waves and diminishes soliton amplitude. The vortex-like arrangement of trapped ions enhances the non-linear dynamics of plasma. These findings enhance our comprehension of wave propagation, energy distribution, and stability in extreme plasma conditions, contributing to both theoretical and practical progress in plasma physics.

Improved positron generation through laser plasma interaction utilising target front surface architecture

2025-02-07T14:46:46+07:00

Positrons are electron antiparticles that are often produced in extreme astrophysical events, such as black holes and quasars. Positron production in the laboratory is typically done through plasma-laser interactions, utilizing the Bethe-Heitler process which involves the interaction of high-energy photons with the electromagnetic fields of atomic nuclei. One of the main challenges is to improve the efficiency of laser energy conversion into electron-positron pairs. This research utilizes a silicon microwire-based target surface structure to improve the positron production efficiency in laser plasma interactions. particle-in-cell simulations and experiments with the OMEGA EP laser system show that target structure 1 produces 50% more positrons than a flat surface target, with the conversion efficiency of laser energy to positrons increasing to 97%. This structure enables optimal laser energy focusing, resulting in efficient high-energy relativistic electrons to create electron-positron pairs. The results of this study show significant potential in the development of particle acceleration technology and applications in high-energy physics.

Assessment of groundwater quality and rainfall analysis

2025-02-07T15:18:06+07:00

Groundwater is a critical resource in the hydrological cycle, serving as the source of life and a major component of the Earth's water cycle. Groundwater quality is influenced by rainfall patterns and hydrogeological systems, including complex uncertainty factors. Rainfall, measured by intensity and duration, can influence variations in water flow and flood potential, especially in areas with different catchment characteristics. This study analyzed the relationship between rainfall and groundwater quality using an elasticity approach, which is the ratio of the relative change in river flow to the relative change in rainfall. Data were analyzed using elasticities y1 and y2 to identify the sensitivity of streamflow to rainfall in wet and dry catchments. Results show that dry areas exhibit higher elasticity to changes in rainfall than wet areas. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall patterns on groundwater quality and the need for stakeholder involvement in water resources management.

Assessment of subsurface water resources utilising geoelectric techniques

2025-02-07T15:24:29+07:00

Groundwater, defined as water found beneath the Earth's surface within water-saturated zones, is a critical resource, especially in arid regions where surface water is less reliable. This study evaluates groundwater potential in the Zanjanrood catchment and Tarom region using geoelectric techniques integrated with analytical hierarchy process and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methodologies. Geoelectric methods, such as resistivity and induced polarisation, were employed to identify aquifer characteristics and validate TOPSIS-based potential maps. Results indicate significant differences in groundwater potential between the two regions due to their unique geological and topographical features. In Zanjanrood, areas with exceptional potential cover 43.4% of the region, while in Tarom, only 0.26% exhibits high potential, with the majority classified as extremely poor. Validation with geoelectric surveys and production well distribution confirmed the accuracy of the TOPSIS model. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable water resource management in the studied areas.

Examination of the utilisation of oil palm empty fruit bunches as insulating paper in transformers

2025-02-07T15:34:03+07:00

Empty oil palm fruit bunches (EFB) are an abundant solid waste in the palm oil industry and are often considered as waste with no added value. However, EFB contains cellulose fibers that can be utilized for various applications, including as insulation material in transformers. EFB-based insulation offers potential as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional wood-based insulating paper. This study analyzes the utilization of EFB as a raw material for making transformer insulation paper. Characterization of physical and thermal properties was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show that EFB-based insulating paper has homogeneous fiber morphology with adequate thermal properties. Electrochemical studies revealed that EFB paper has an electric field strength value of 37.61 kV/mm, which is lower than Kraft insulating paper that reaches 47.19 kV/mm. Nonetheless, manufacturing process improvements to EFB can improve its quality and make it a competitive alternative for transformer insulation.