Assessment of groundwater quality and rainfall analysis

Abstract

Groundwater is a critical resource in the hydrological cycle, serving as the source of life and a major component of the Earth's water cycle. Groundwater quality is influenced by rainfall patterns and hydrogeological systems, including complex uncertainty factors. Rainfall, measured by intensity and duration, can influence variations in water flow and flood potential, especially in areas with different catchment characteristics. This study analyzed the relationship between rainfall and groundwater quality using an elasticity approach, which is the ratio of the relative change in river flow to the relative change in rainfall. Data were analyzed using elasticities y1 and y2 to identify the sensitivity of streamflow to rainfall in wet and dry catchments. Results show that dry areas exhibit higher elasticity to changes in rainfall than wet areas. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall patterns on groundwater quality and the need for stakeholder involvement in water resources management.