Development of fiber Bragg grating as a sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and development of optical fiber instruments: A review

Abstract

Over the past few decades optical sensor has experienced significant development. The utilization of fiber Bragg grating for the detection of various parameter such as stress, strain, displacement, temperature, refractive index, humidity, pressure and vibration by measuring the changes in wavelength, polarization, intensity of light passing through the sensing region and phase. This review discusses the development of optical sensors using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer which is being frequently used for sensing applications due to their geometric and flexible construction. This review would be useful for the researchers to develop miniaturize fiber devices and instrument with enhanced sensing performance.