C-shaped meander line microstrip patch antenna with partial ground for IoT applications

Abstract

A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper for IoT applications, operating in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna constructs a compact 37.6 × 10.6 × 1.6 mm³ design using a C-shaped meander line and partial ground to achieve enhanced bandwidth and efficiency, contributing significantly to antenna design for IoT applications. The proposed antenna is designed on the FR-4 substrate with a dielectric permittivity of 4.3, substrate height of 1.6 mm, and 50-ohm input impedance to achieve minimal return loss. At 2.4 GHz, the proposed antenna demonstrates a return loss of -26.51 dB and a bandwidth of 16.66%. Additionally, it offers a gain of 1.23 dB with an efficiency of 80.76%. The simple configuration and compact size of the proposed antenna enable easy fabrication and make it highly suitable for integration into small-sized IoT devices.